Examining The Social Justice Issue And Human Trafficking Criminology Essay

Examining The Social Justice Issue And serviceman Trafficking Criminology EssayA genial justice issue that is a ball-shaped issue is human trafficking. Human trafficking is a wide fiesta issue that is affecting many third humanity countries and developing countries. Human trafficking has become an inter bailiwick concern. whizz country in particular that is affected by this issue is siamese connectionland.Human trafficking is the trade for charr and children which is sympathetic to slavery. The charwoman and children can be fooled into human trafficking and can be forced to work for low issue and forced into harlotry. Human trafficking of woman and children started during the Vietnam War (Womens world-wide net profit News, 2003). Beginning in the 1980s siamese connection women began moving to European countries to get regard in the entertainment business which shortly transformed into the trafficking of woman for invokeual exploitation (Womens foreign earnings New s, 2003). Women and girls were be trafficked all over Europe for harlotry and for the air order bride business. Woman and children trafficked into Thailand were from Burma, Cambodia, S offh China, and Laos (Womens supranational Network News, 2000). During the 1990s around 400,000 woman and children were being trafficked in and out of Thailand (Womens world-wide Network News, 2003).Thailands most known universal problem is whoredom. Thailands Public Health plane section estimates that there atomic number 18 about 75,000 prostitutes in Thailand (Womens International Network News, 94). The majority of women involved in prostitution come from poor rural aras. These women encounter low to no scotch opportunities in their home villages and acidulate to working as prostitutes in urban areas as a way of fulfilling obligations and ameliorate the standard of life sentence for themselves and their families (Womens International Network News, 94). Majority of northern Thai girls turn to prostitution because they feel that they need to recall their parents for giving birth to them and providing them with what they pretend so far in their lives.The religion that most Thai citizens utilize is Buddhism. The Buddhist belief system in northern Thailand is part of the reason for the approval of prostitution. Thai Buddhists swear that each persons soul inhabits many physical bodies over time, with the quality of each life influenced by the souls line of descent of merit (Bower, 2005). Prostitution performed out of the need to aid ones family builds up merit, despite the nature of the job itself (Bower, 2005). In Thailand the first innate(p) fille commonly stays home to aid her parents in the home. The second born daughter is traditionally the familys financial helper who turns to any job that they can get. The last born daughter generally receives a higher education than her new(prenominal) sisters (Bower, 2005).Thai Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) es timate that about twenty dollar mensuration thousand Burmese women and girls are involved in forced prostitution and half are freshly recruits that are brought in every year (Womens International Network News, 1994). They women and children normally end up being sent back to Burma after a year or two because they compulsion sunrise(prenominal) recruits. Burmese women and girls require up an estimated 800,000 to 2 jillion prostitutes that are working in Thailand (Womens International Network News, 1994). Thailand political relation is guilty of complicity in the trafficking of Burmese women and girls into Thailand for forced prostitution. The Thai government has been failing numerously to punish their own officials and different(a)s who are engaged or profit from sex trade (Womens International Network News, 1994). In 1993 the royal Thai government began wrongfully arresting and sending back hundreds of Burmese victims, in violation of Thailands obligations under national an d international law instead of punishing officials who are involved. The Burmese women and girls work ten to eighteen hours a day, twenty-five days a month with anywhere from 5-15 clients a day (Womens International Network News, 1994). The women and children were receiving little information pertaining to health care and birth control. Most of the women and girls are virgins when they enter and become HIV authoritative when they leave. Majority of the prostitutes clients are Thai patrol officers. Some of the bordellos are located near police send and witness brothel owners paying harborion money to local police (Womens International Network News, 94).In 1992 The Thai Prime Minister Chuan Leekpai declared that they would become stricter with official involvement in prostitution (Womens International Network News, 94). Unfortunately this did not include brothel owners, recruiters and pimps from penalisation. Authorities were arresting the victims of prostitution and were detai ning and abusing them before deporting them. some women and girls have been pull through and housed by local NGOs prior to their return to Burma (Womens International Network News, 94). The people involved in sex trafficking view women as a cash crop to be secondhand and they help with foreign exchange dollars and help pay on the foreign debt. In 1996 an estimate of 6 million sex tourists from all over the world brought in almost 30 billion dollars which is thirteen time more than they make building and exporting computers in Thailand (Leuchtag, 2003). The United Nations has reported that an estimate of 5 to 7 billion dollars a year the sex trafficking business makes. The United Nations believes that about 4 million woman and children and moved illegally from country to country annually. They also estimate that thirty percent of the children being trafficked are minors and a large number may even be under the age of thirteen. During the 1990s, Thailand laws declared that fifteen was the age of accord. A child of the age of twelve to fifteen years old who got paying for sex was viewed as acceptable to abuse them, with or without their consent (Arnold, Bertone, 2002). Italian, Camorra, Chinenese, Triads, Russian Mafia, and Japanese Yakuza are whitlow syndicates who are very powerful and have much involvement in the sex trafficking trade of woman and children (Leuchtag, 2003). . These criminal syndicates operate globally and traffick woman from all over the world and develop them in and out of different countries (Leuchtag, 2003).In 1996 a bill was passed on suppression and prostitution of adult woman. Women who were found to be involved in prostitution would be fined. Minors found to be involved in prostitution would be rehabilitated and their parents who were involved would get punished as well (Womens International Network News, 2003). A new bill was passed in 1997 the anti-trafficking bill. This bill protected woman and all children. The bill also prote cts woman and children of other nationalities who are trafficked into Thailand. Even though the bill was passed traffickers found new ways to recruit women and get them across borders and into work (Womens International Network News, 2003). An international law was enforced that began in 1999 and took enforcement in 2000. The law was an concur definition of what human trafficking is that took place between 120 countries. The countries wanted to separate issues of trafficking and issues of prostitution (Leuchtag, 2003). The countries also came to an bargain on how to prosecute, protect women and children from partaking in trafficking and prostitution, and prevention mechanisms. Once the law was decided the Thai government introduced a memorandum of understanding for the treatment of trafficking of woman and children. It was for the government to take responsibility and legal actions against trafficking and supply stinting aid for those that have been involved in trafficking (Wome ns International Network News, 2003). There is a government assistance bill that covers woman who are migrated from another country into Thailand (Womens International Network News, 2003). In 2000 The United Nations created the first rule to put an end to international human trafficking (Womens International Network News, 2000). The protocol asks for states to cooperate against international form crime, and for the victims of trafficking to stay in the country they were trafficked to and to enforce laws against sex trade (Womens International Network News, 2000). The law defines trafficking as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms coercion, of abduction of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power, or of a position of vulnerability, or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation (L euchtag, 2003).In early 2000 a non-governmental organization (NGO) called Project Hope International was created. The NGO is based in Washington, D.C. Project Hope International fights against child sexual exploitation and trafficking of girls and women into the international sex trade (Arnold, Bertone, 2002). The goal of Project Hope International is to communicate between the Thai NGOs and the U.S. government, and American NGOs and the Thai government (Arnold, Bertone, 2002). The organization also would like to press forward the flow of accurate information. In Thailand there has been a steady decrease in the numbers of Thai women and girls in the sex trade, and an increase in the numbers of females from neighboring countries (Arnold, Bertone, 2002). The reason for the decline is because of positive economic development in Thailand (Arnold, Bertone, 2002).In 2003 investigators entered into one of the provincial capitals brothels searching for women and children trafficked from ne ighboring Burma (Montlake, 2003). The officials found the owner/owners of the brothel and they were taken into police custody. Six of the 29 women rescued were minors and more than half had been forced into prostitution (Montlake, 2003). Some of the women didnt feel like they were rescued because the money they made was lost and this prevented them from making more money. The U.S., other countries and nations are lending support to anti-trafficking initiatives in Thailand (Montlake, 2003). Since 2000, the U.S. has spent an estimate of atleast $100 million on anti-trafficking aid. Thailands has been improving the way they approach and treat women from other countries caught in trafficking raids. Anti- trafficking organizations next focus will be to bring to justice criminals who profit from human trafficking (Montlake, 2003). The traffickers who dont get caught or do and get away with it without any punishment will turn to finding new women to replace those rescued. Activist report t hat majority of the women who are rescued return to Thailand and that it is not uncommon for the women or girls to be rescued several times (Montlake, 2003).There are two steps to trafficking. Step one is village to foreign country and step two is townspeople to foreign country. Currently sex traffickers are using the one step pattern to traffick woman and girls (Womens International Network News, 2003). The Thai government has set up a national committee of government organizations and non-government organizations to make policies on trafficking. The Thai government has been working with international and regional agencies to compose against trafficking (Womens International Network News, 2003).Human trafficking is an issue that goes against the feminist theory. The feminist theory involves the liberation of women and girls from discrimination based on gender (Kirst-Ashman, 2008). The briny goal or purpose is self-determination for women and girls. There are major themes that foll ow the feminist theories much(prenominal) as, gender lens, patriarchy, empowerment, consciousness raising, personal is political, importance of process, unity in diversity, and validation (Kirst-Ashman, 2008). Thailand does not follow this theory at all. Women are mistreated and not given much of an option of whether or not they want to become a sex slave or prostitute. In most areas of Thailand women dont have many economic choices for work or their family expects them to turn to sex trafficking/prostitution. It seems like in Thailand they are not educating citizens in crop or in general about empowerment and equality of women. It seems that it is a norm for women to turn to sex trade to make money for themselves and to repay their families. The government and other countries have been trying to enforce and spring up laws to stop trafficking and for women to have human rights as men of Thailand have.Starting in the mid 1990s Thai women wanted to get involved and work closely wit h non-governmental organizations because of the trafficking of woman and children movement. Women have been getting involved to protect themselves but other people need to jump onboard to help make changes and to make laws permanent and to honor them. Women in Thailand in most cases have equal rights in the areas of education, matrimonial property, and the right to choose place and employment, and child custody. Laws against prostitution in Thailand continue to not be effectively enforced (Womens International Network News, 94). In majority of the cases of prostitution brothels will pay off local government representatives and police. Poor legislation, police corruption, and cultural norms are commonly blamed for the lack of necessary measures needed to be taken against prostitution (Womens International Network News, 94).Women in Thailand face discrimination and harassment because of their work as prostitutes. International cooperation is an inwrought component between governmen t agencies and between non-governmental organizations to ensure that agents and brothel owners involved in trafficking across national borders are arrested and prosecuted, and that women who have been trafficked are given the proper assistance and help needed (Womens International Network News, 97). Recommendations to Combat International Traffic in Women is a womens foundation that is involved in preventing trafficking of women and to help the women who have been involved in trafficking (Womens International Network News, 97). From the help from Feminist human rights activist and organizations women have begun to bear their situation and conditions, leave prostitution, speak out against it, reveal their experience, and help other women and children leave as they did ( Leuchtag, 2003). wind up and forced labor trafficking is considered slave trade of the twenty-first century and the greatest human rights test (Stone, 2005). Since 2003, cl countries have signed the legislation and g overnments, international agencies, and local non-governmental organizations continue to introduce and start national and regional programs to stop trafficking (Womens International Network News, 2003). Today human trafficking continues to be an issue unresolved. Governments from all over the world need to come together and come up with different approaches to continue to gradually diminish this global issue. Human rights should continue to grow as sex trafficking is prohibited. Nongovernmental organizations today are well-organized, well-established, and well- consider in and outside of Thailand. They have learned to work together with international organizations and networking (Segrave, Milivojevic, 2005). Putting an end to prostitution and women being sexually exploited will give women more dignity, increase in human rights, and will be more respected by men.