If I had it my way, I would tone down the zero tolerance act. It Essay

If I had it my way, I would tone down the zero tolerance act. It just punishes excessively harshly for some things. I think that it needs to score the difference between minor problems, manage playing with a toy gun, and major problems, like having drugs.Zero ToleranceThe zero tolerance policies call for students to receive automaticsuspensions or expulsions as punishment for certain offenses,primarily those involving weapons, threats, or drugs. I cope with thatsafety is an important concern in schools, but sometimes the zerotolerance policy is taken too far. It is as if administrators dontdistinguish between minor and major discretions.I do believe that students who get in fights or who bring drugs intoschool should be punished. However, a third grader who shouts b...

Exploring ADHD and Available Treatments Essay -- Attention Deficit Hyp

Abstract This research paper describes ADHD and the treatments available. It discusses the different medications and their side effects and explains the opinions of some doctors for an alternative treatment. The main determination of the writing is to shed some light on the disorder and describe some theories just about ADHD. This goal is stated in the thesis which talks about how ADHD cannot be identified exactly, the side effects to the medication are harsh, there are different alternative treatments, and research shows it may be caused from hormones and peace deprivation. A Normal Life? Imagine sitting in a fourth grade science class. The teacher is lecturing in the front of the inhabit while a groundskeeper mows the grass outside the window. The mower is buzzing in the students ears, grasping one students attention, taking it away from the teachers discussion. Slowly the mower begins to apparent movement further away until it is completely out of sight. The attention return s to the teacher, whose words mumble together. The student begins to feel bored as he begins to swing his feet on the potty in front of him. The student in front of him becomes annoyed by the pitter-patter on her seat, and she yelps with anger. The attention slides back into the class, where something new and interesting is happening. The teacher stops her lecture, making this student the center of attention. It may be negative attention, but its something that holds the students interest. This type of thing happens normally to this student, so he is used to it. Besides, this isnt his fault everyone knows he has ADHD, anyway he cant help but act like this. Its just how some kids are, right? Normally his m otherwise makes him take his pills, but today he threw them out becaus... ...w.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/adhd.cfmadhd8 Ritalin side effects and warnings (2004). PDR. Retrieved March 26,2004, from Medical Economics web sitehttp//www.fromthepines.com/ritalin.htmlSchneebaum, Ron M.D. (March 2000). Where did Ritalin come from?Retrieved March 23, 2004, from massnews web sitehttp//www.massnews.com/past_issues/other/3_Mar/ad5mar.htmSmith, Lawrence T. (2004). The truth behind ADHD . FDA facts national? institutes of health consensus. Retrieved March 22, 2004, from FDA web site http//www.ritalindeath.com/ Stein, David B. (1999). 1999. 1st ed, pg 6-32. Ritalin is not? the answera drug-free, practical weapons platform for children diagnosed with ADD or ADHD. Retreived March 16, 2004 Volkow, Nora. (2001). Ritalin facts. Retreived March 20, 2004, from nidapublications web site http//www.nida.nih.gov /Infofax/ritalin.html

Andy Warhol Essay -- Biography

Hailed as the founding father of the Pop Art movement in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Andy Warhol, through his endeavors, brought forward societys obsession with mass culture and allowed it to become the subject of his art. He produced works that defied and challenged the popular notion of what art should be by disputing the traditional conventions pertaining to the uniqueness, authenticity, and authorship of art (Faerna 28). However, it is an injustice to say that Warhols goals primarily included the desire to create such a ground-breaking and salient style of American art or to entertain the public by making his own artistic contributions. Rather, Andy Warhols interests were more entwined in his own self-interest and greed. Although a fraction of Andy Warhols breathing in resided in his ambition to create a unique and exotic style of American art, his main motivation was purely materialistic and involved acquiring prominent sums of money and publicity to fuel his obsession wit h wealth and fame. Andy Warhols experiences throughout his difficult and poverty-stricken early life are one among many possible explanations for Warhols habituation to materialism later on in his life. Born on August 6, 1928 into the slums of Pittsburgh, Andy Warhol was the fourth child of working-class Slovakian immigrant parents who barely spoke English. As a child, Warhol developed chorea, an illness which causes abnormal involuntary movements. Consequently, this contributed to his isolation as a child as he was often bed-ridden and thus became an outcast at schooling (Gale American Decades). During his early years, he also developed a fascination for fame and recognition as he would constantly amass pictures of celebrities and movie sta... ...sted in the chemic processes that went into forming Oxidation Painting rather, he was more concerned with converting these bodily fluids into something precious and valuable. Oxidation Painting was an attempt by Warhol to projec t his persona into the media in rate to garner publicity and attention. Furthermore, Oxidation Painting remains as Warhols most economically valuable work. Now, twenty-three years after Warhols death, his caseful and art are on T-shirts, iPods, blue jeans, sunglasses, Christmas cards, handbags, skateboards and wallpaper. His reputation and popularity are both endless and his works of art continue to fetch enormous sums of money. Even with his death, Warhols name continues to be met with both publicity and infamy. Ultimately, Andy Warhols legacy lies with his outlandish and exotic style of art and his lust for materialism and wealth.

Old And New Imperialism :: Imperialism History Essays

There were two different time periods where Imperialism occurred. The first wave of imperialism, called the obsolescent Imperialism, lasted from most 1500 - 1800. The New Imperialism lasted from around 1870 - 1914. The three main differences that we will discuss today are the differences in economics, politics, and the motive behind all of this.The bran-new and the old waves of imperialism were very a good deal different through economics. The old economics was pretty much all about trading, they imply bought the wares brought to them by the native merchants. They didn?t have much of a money system it was sort of a trade system. Also in old imperialism they had trade commerce on much of the coast in due south America as well as Islands near Asia and England. So the wave of old imperialism was all about trading. However, the new imperialism had a different economic idea. They didn?t just want the goods of native merchants they wanted special types of predicts. They would move int o countries to get their products. Instead of having trade centers along coasts, they would set up plantations, docks, and factories in other countries. They too got as much money as they could out of people it was all about getting money in the new imperialism unlike that of the old imperialism.The new and old waves of imperialism also differed politically. In new imperialism, they wanted to dominate politically, they wanted their politics to dominate and rule everything. They wanted to dominate in order to repair their investments. Although in old imperialism the people didn?t care so much to have political power everywhere, they just wanted someone to rule them and lay aside trade going in the countries that they are living in.The motive in the new wave of imperialism and in the old wave of imperialism had a great difference. Old imperialism?s motives was mainly about bringing civilization to other countries, and teach them how to live. They just wanted glory, gold, and they w anted the satisfaction of thinking they did something good in Gods eyes. provided the new motive is completely different. In the new wave of imperialism they wanted to take over already largely populated areas.

Essay --

Gender Differences and the BrainBrandon MooreLTCY 199November 21, 2013As we all know the brain is one of the most amazing mysteries in the world thither is a lot to be discovered. This topic hits home for me because most of my life I have always wanted to know how is the brain any different surrounded by men and women. From the very beginning of life boys and girls are already different. The common topic of discussion is which genders brain matures faster. People often disclose that girls mature much faster than boys. In fact this is not true the genders dont really play a part in the suppuration process, because it is all about what you are exposed to in life. Although research has shown girls to have way more verbal skills through the preschool stages, but it then declines drastically rough age seven . Girls have also been proven to do better than boys in reading and writing all the way through high school. most(prenominal) of these studies were done in co-ed schools. Studies h ave shown that single gender schools are more helpful for both genders. The statistics were basically the same from these types of schools. I do mobilise your brain matures faster based of the things you are exposed to. When these say research was done globally, the statistics varied, some siding with girls and some in favor with boys. So this proves, that there is a real gender difference, but there is not a proven gender maturation rate in the brain. Self-esteem is another spectacular gender difference. It ties in with topics like emotions, coping, depression, and behavior. All through adolescence boys have been shown to have a greater self-esteem than girls. This means guys are less likely to operate depressed over something. Research done by Reiko Miyamoto and Yoshiaki Kiku... ..., Szatkowskal, l., & Baron, J. (2012). Sex, Lies and fMRI Gender Differences in Neural Basis of Deception. Plos ONE, 7(8), 1-11. doi10.1371/journal.pone.0043076Farace, E., & Alves, W. M. (2000). Do women fare worse a metaanalysis of gender differences in traumatic brain injury outcome. Journal of Neurosurgery, 93(4), 539-545.Xu, J., Kobayashi, S., Yamaguchi, S., Iijima, K. I., Okada, K., & Yamashita, K. (2000). Gender effects on age-related changes in brain structure. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 21(1), 112-118.Schulte-Rther, M., Markowitsch, H. J., Shah, N. J., Fink, G. R., & Piefke, M. (2008). Gender differences in brain networks supporting empathy. Neuroimage, 42(1), 393-403.Eccles, J. S., & Harold, R. D. (1991). Gender differences in sport involvement Applying the Eccles expectancy-value model. Journal of applied sport psychology, 3(1), 7-35.

Essay --

Gender Differences and the BrainBrandon MooreLTCY 199November 21, 2013As we all know the brain is one of the most amazing mysteries in the world thither is a lot to be discovered. This topic hits home for me because most of my life I have always wanted to know how is the brain any different amongst men and women. From the very beginning of life boys and girls are already different. The common topic of discussion is which genders brain matures faster. People often try that girls mature much faster than boys. In fact this is not true the genders dont really play a part in the evolution process, because it is all about what you are exposed to in life. Although research has shown girls to have way more verbal skills through the preschool stages, but it then declines drastically approximately age seven . Girls have also been proven to do better than boys in reading and writing all the way through high school. approximately of these studies were done in co-ed schools. Studies have sho wn that single gender schools are more helpful for both genders. The statistics were basically the same from these types of schools. I do consider your brain matures faster based of the things you are exposed to. When these say research was done globally, the statistics varied, some siding with girls and some in favor with boys. So this proves, that there is a real gender difference, but there is not a proven gender maturation rate in the brain. Self-esteem is another large gender difference. It ties in with topics like emotions, coping, depression, and behavior. All through adolescence boys have been shown to have a greater self-esteem than girls. This means guys are less likely to go bad depressed over something. Research done by Reiko Miyamoto and Yoshiaki Kiku... ..., Szatkowskal, l., & Baron, J. (2012). Sex, Lies and fMRI Gender Differences in Neural Basis of Deception. Plos ONE, 7(8), 1-11. doi10.1371/journal.pone.0043076Farace, E., & Alves, W. M. (2000). Do women fare wor se a metaanalysis of gender differences in traumatic brain injury outcome. Journal of Neurosurgery, 93(4), 539-545.Xu, J., Kobayashi, S., Yamaguchi, S., Iijima, K. I., Okada, K., & Yamashita, K. (2000). Gender effects on age-related changes in brain structure. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 21(1), 112-118.Schulte-Rther, M., Markowitsch, H. J., Shah, N. J., Fink, G. R., & Piefke, M. (2008). Gender differences in brain networks supporting empathy. Neuroimage, 42(1), 393-403.Eccles, J. S., & Harold, R. D. (1991). Gender differences in sport involvement Applying the Eccles expectancy-value model. Journal of applied sport psychology, 3(1), 7-35.

The Problem Of Transnational Crime And Globalization Economics Essay

Over the class of human register the universe has proven to be a dynamic of each time germinating topographic argue with changeless fluctuations in governmental signifier and political power. As humanity has shifted from the babyhood of civilisation to the most complex signifiers of authorities and political relations at that place has ever been a commons complaint blighting their stableness, criminal dourence. With the origin of regulations there were instinctively people who sought to interrupt those regulations. The relationship amidst civilisation and annoyance is a complex and intricate issue. As civilisation raises the saloon in acceptable behaviour offense expands reciprocally to the new sum of limitations.An send-off-class good example of the dynamic evolution of offense is best scene in the development of multinational offense. Born from merely smuggling common points in a spicy duty environment, multinational offense has expanded into an luxuriant system of out law(a) good deal, smuggling and drug dealing. Condemnable justness bureaus have struggled to maintain gait with this exp unityntial addition in multinational offense, but they atomic number 18 hindered by built-in administrative and direction issues, viz. the mutualist nature of multinational offense and criminal justness bureaus and the bureaucratic nature of condemnable justness organisations.The SituationTransnational offense has existed since the birth of autonomous soils. With the separation of states there arose a possible food market for goods and necessarily there arose those who would prehend a possible net income market. In its babyhood multinational offense chiefly consisted of the transit of legal goods through dirty channels to avoid high duties. There were of class new(prenominal) fluctuations, but for the most portion multinational offense was defined by the smuggling of common things much(prenominal) as salt and other basic demands.The first displacement to happen in footings of multinational offense came with the lessening in duties. To advance greater trade and more import and export, many authoritiess lowered trade limitations and duties. With the lowering of duties the market for common goods shrank vastly. There was still a demand for such things a salt, but now they could be provided lawfully for a really low monetary value, a monetary value low plenty to cut profoundly into the net income b place of smuggling. With this cut into the bottom transmission line runners were ramd to expand out into new and other underrepresented fluctuations of unlawful trade. One such fluctuation was the signifier most normally represented today by the multinational offense market, the smuggling of prohibited goods across international boundary lines.In truth all international offense is, in some signifier or another, a discrepancy of smuggling. Be it arms, money, people, or information, conveying a forbidden point across international bounda ry lines is smuggling. This fact exploded with the origin of globalization which represented the biggest blessing to transnational offense since the creative activity of boundary lines. The conveyance of outlaw(a) goods across boundary lines became a more more complex and profitable thing with the spread of globalisation.As defined by Merriam Webster lexicon, globalisation is the act or procedure of globalizing the province of creation globalized particularly the development of an progressively incorporate planetary economic system marked particularly by unblock trade, free flow of capital, and the tapping of cheaper foreign labour markets.Globalization has been marked by an exponential addition of engineering and loosened trade limitations that have drastically increased the mutuality between autonomous authoritiess. This mutuality has reciprocated and furthered the spread of globalisation as more states portion more cognition, wealth and chances.The ProblemThe important def ect with the spread of globalisation is the elitism of the system. Whereas first universe states find the spread of globalisation a blessing to their economic system and position, 2nd and 3rd universe states have small to authorise from the legal side of globalisation. As a consequence many less industrialised states turn to the illicit market to get by with their more industrialised rivals. The spread of globalisation serves many positive maps, but it is inherently tied to multinational offense.The simplest manner to explicate the relationship between multinational offense and globalisation is that one urge ons the other, i.e. globalisation helps to ease the growing and enlargement of multinational offense. Taken from chapter four of Transnational Crime in the Americas, Peter Andreas sums up the construct magnificently. Governments face an progressively awkward but ineluctable quandary policy steps that facilitate the flow of legal trade-improved transit systems, deregulating o f transportation, denationalization of ports, and so on-also accidentally facilitate illegal trade. This is the sad truth about the nature of globalisation and the effects it has on multinational offense. While there does be another option, to decelerate the growing of globalisation thereby impeding the advancement of multinational offense, this option is a failed program about from the oncoming. Moises Naim makes a really clear point on why it would be impossible to hinder the growing of globalisation in chapter 11 of his book. History and common sense say that, in the long tally, market forces execute to predominate over those of authoritiess. What this means is that, with the market presently focused on growing and multinational mutuality, authorities interceding will be countered in malice of the fact that that this market focal point is bolstering multinational offense.Globalization has served to increase both the legal and the illicit side of trade in many ways. One of the first is the exponential addition of engineering. As engineering increases the avenues upon which trade can happen addition. As an illustration consider transportation. A millenary ago smuggling was hot and prospering, yet ocean trips by see took months and the potency for lading to be damaged or destroyed in so much clip was high. As of today though, travel by ship is both faster and much more secure. To foster the analogy, the origin of aeroplanes revolutionized trade, illicit and legal. Even the steam engine revolutionized terrestrial travel.Another avenue through which trade has prospered is the promotion of communications. While simply another facet of the engineering roar, communications have exhaustively revolutionized international trade and multinational offense to the extent that is has created wholly new signifiers of trade and offense. With the birth of the cyberspace and e-mail the inundation Gatess have been opened for trade. With eBay it is now possible to order a Peruvian rain stick from a place in Vancouver and have it delivered to the receiver in London as a birthday gift. Inversely, it is similarly now possible to put a petition for a amount of illicit goods to be delivered by manner of an anon. electronic mail history without the two felons behind the enterprise of all time holding the demand to run into.The PossibilitiesThere exist two chief political orientations of idea refering the proliferation of modern-day multinational offense. The two trains of idea are the round-shouldered participation opening and the mutuality theory put Forth by Moises Naim and Peter Andreas, severally. The two theories take issue greatly in position refering the rise of multinational offense, but both writers present relevant and convincing logical arguments for each instance.Moises Naim presents the thought that authoritiess are neglecting in the passage of arms against multinational illicit trade cod to the asymmetrical nature of the organisa tions in competition. Moises rapidly lists the rivals as governmental entities versus form offense webs and bases the Southern Cross of his statement in the very nature of a bureaucratism versus that of a web.Harmonizing to Naim, all bureaucratisms tend to exhibit the same four key traits that limit their ability to vie against a net hunt down. The first cardinal characteristic is that bureaucratisms tend to be really structured doing communicating between units non portion of the same perpendicular line of bid really hard. In comparing, webs are a loose group of single cells and that allows for rapid decision-making and alteration.The 2nd point that Naim makes is that authorities bureaus have to work at heart the restraints of a budget. Not merely that, but they have to get the budget which redirects manpower and concentrate from the arguably more major issue of contending the felons. Against this, webs draw their resources from their patronage, intending that financess are virt ually illimitable depending on what is supplied and to whom.Continuing on, Naim draws attending to the political and legal bounds that authorities bureaus must work within, succession illicit bargainers can work within the restraints of the jurisprudence when the demand suits them, but they anyways have the option to work outside of the jurisprudence, which provides more manoeuvrability. Ironically, there is a really disposed cite mark to sum up this thought taken from Transnational Crime in the America. aif you play by the regulations and I can rip off a small, I get the benefit of both the regulations and my cheating. Naim s concluding point is the trouble authoritiess have working outside their ain boundary lines due to the limited authorization, linguistic communication issues and all the other stage businesss that accompany being in a foreign state. Against this, webs tend to be as comfy foreign as they are at place and even place is get downing to hold a looser definitio n to webs.The opposing theory to this is the dependence theory put away by Peter Andreas. Andreas describes the self-contradictory nature of the state/smuggler relationship get downing his point on the most unmistakable issue, runners depend on province Torahs for their being. This thought seems simple, but is genuinely instead profound. Andreas quotes Adam Smith about this. A runner is a individual who, although no uncertainty blamable for go againsting the Torahs of the state, is often incapable of go againsting those of natural justness, and would hold been, in every regard, an first-class citizen had non the Torahs of his state made that a offense which neer meant to be so. The fact here is that the Torahs put forth by authoritiess form the footing of the full entrepreneurship of smuggling.Andreas goes on to mention the subvertness and payoffs that ease the force per unit area runners face, and how these under the tabular array payments map as a type of illicit income reven ue enhancement enhancement. This thought is besides expanded upon in that there are some countries of the universe where illicit trade forms the anchor upon which full economic systems are based. Much of Latin America can be referred to as narco-states in that, the greatest export they produce is narcotics. Furthermore, the same can be said for some parts of Southeast Asia. Mexico s 3rd highest gross is remittal from Mexicans smuggled into the U.S. In the face of this, what ground do many topographic points have to check down on illicit trade? Furthermore, is it ethically sound to destruct the fiscal base of some states for any ground?Beyond corruptness, there is besides the fact that the money retainled by runners frequently enters the control of the province through legal channels. One such method is plus forfeitures Torahs. In add-on, much of the illicit goods that enter the state are for the really citizens whose revenue enhancements support a system that is opposed to the rea lly goods they desire.There is besides the fact that much of the information the province has on runners is, in fact, recovered from other runners.Finally, what is arguably the most affecting ground behind the mutuality theory it is the really continuity of smuggling ( and the perceptual experience of it as a good turn menace ) that is the most important for prolonging and spread outing jurisprudence enforcement. Examined more elaborately, this is could perchance be the footing upon which the remainder of the mutuality theory remainders.The InferenceIn the face of these two opposing point of views it seems that the mutuality theory holds greater weight. While there is an obvious asymmetrical nature to the battle between authoritiess and organized condemnable webs, the grounds does non back up the difference being that belittling. The current construction of bureaucratisms has managed some really important victory over organized offense. The job that is frequently cited is that eve n if one cell of the web is shut down another is ready to take over. While this statement seems to back up the asymmetrical theory, the inquiry remains, how are these displacements of power so easy? The mutuality between the province and the illicit trade webs allows for the easy displacement in power. It is easy to state that there is ever person waiting in the wings, but where do they get down to reform the lost connexions of the old mediator? Some corrupt functionaries must willing seek out, or readily accept, new participants to go on the concern of corruptness. If there were a crackdown on corruptness, illicit bargainers would bear much of the political force per unit area they are presently protected from.In add-on, if the construction of bureaucratisms is such a booby trap in the battle against illicit trade, why is at that place merely non a reorganisation of bureaucratisms? This deficiency of alteration could besides be attributed to the mutuality between the province and i llicit trade. The current system works to stem some of the flow of illicit trade, but does non, can non halt it wholly. The necessary gravel between the province and illicit trade is what keeps this blemished system in charge as a type of via media between what should be done about illicit trade and what is being done.Interdependency stands as the Southern Cross of the issues with the conflict between authoritiess and multinational offense. Equally long as there is such a strong bond between the two forces at that place will neer be any important advancement made on the forepart of multinational offense. And yes, while the asymmetrical nature of the battle between bureaucratisms and webs is an issue, it is non the major issue and may even stand for another facet of the job with mutuality.The DecisionUltimately, this weakness in the war on multinational offense is a direct representation to the weakness in the disposal of condemnable justness Fieldss. Whether there is more bridal t o the mutuality theory or the asymmetrical battle theory, both theories posit that there is an built-in weakness in the direction of the regulating organic structures of condemnable justness. Without some kind of elaborate scrutiny and re-haul off the system there can non be any existent alteration in the struggle between condemnable justness bureaus and multinational offense.Globalization is a existent and dynamic thing that is presently reshaping the class of universe history. However, with all of the good that this entails, there is besides much negative. As globalisation forces lowered trade limitations, increased transit locales, and deregulating of transporting to foster the ends of multinational mutuality, these same actions have served to ease the growing and deserving of the multinational offense market. To antagonize this there must be a alteration in the direction of the condemnable justness bureaus dedicated to forestalling this. Without such a alteration there can neer be a decisive triumph on the multinational offense forepart.

William Shakespeare

Begin with an interesting quotation related to your opinion about Shakespeare Mystery (You will need a passage here) End the Intro paragraph with your thesis statement Even though that william shakespeare is the author of all jobs and sonnets create in his name. , William Shakespeare of Straford-upon-Avon is the military personnel who wrote the turn tail and sonnets because that all enjoin correlates with william shakespeare being the author and all the jokes that he wrote were impute to him and published in his name.Body Paragraph 1 Topic of the body thesis that william shakespeare is the author of all plays and sonnets published in his name. Find evidence like facts, shells, quotations, or statistics that stick out it upor sustainment the topic sentence of this paragraph. apologize how your evidence supports the topic sentence a nonher(prenominal) grammatical case that shows that that william shakespeare is the author of all plays and sonnets published in his name. is Find more evidence facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it up or support the topic sentence of this paragraph. excuse how this second piece of evidence supports the topic sentence. Body Paragraph 2 Even though that william shakespeare is the author of all plays and sonnets published in his name. , William Shakespeare of Straford-upon-Avon is the man who wrote the play and sonnets because that all evidence correlates with william shakespeare being the author. Find evidence like facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it upor support the topic sentence of this paragraph. Explain how your evidence supports the topic sentenceAnother example that shows that that all evidence correlates with william shakespeare being the author is Find more evidence facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it up or support the topic sentence of this paragraph. Explain how this second piece of evidence supports the topic sentence. Body Paragraph 3 The mos t important reason William Shakespeare of Straford-upon-Avon is the man who wrote the play and sonnets is because all the plays that he wrote were credited to him and published in his name. Find evidence like facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it upor support the topic sentence of this paragraph. Explain how your evidence supports the topic sentence Another example that shows that all the plays that he wrote were credited to him and published in his name is Find more evidence facts, examples, quotations, or statistics that back it up or support the topic sentence of this paragraph. Explain how this second piece of evidence supports the topic sentence. ConclusionSo you can see that although that william shakespeare is the author of all plays and sonnets published in his name. , William Shakespeare of Straford-upon-Avon is the man who wrote the play and sonnets for both main reasons. First, that all evidence correlates with william shakespeare being the author. But most importantly, all the plays that he wrote were credited to him and published in his name. Now you will withdraw to your opening attention-getter from the introduction Then end your essay with a powerful So What? statement. Do you want to print or copy and email this scallywag?William ShakespeareIn the play ability Lear by William Shakespeare, the considerably youngsterren are disowned by their fathers, but they do not dwell loving their fathers and they eventually come back to rescue them from their misery. Shakespeare uses characterization of Cornelia and Edgar to show how true children will always love their parents even if they are sinned against. Cornelia is disowned by her father while Edgar is forced to disown himself. ultimately they forgive their fathers and aide in their recovery from insanity. Edgers and Cordilleras love for their fathers is so strong that they become the reason for their fathers expiry.Cornelia is disowned by her father while Edgar dis owns himself. Cornelia and Edgar are disowned in two different ways, yet there are many similarities. When Cornelia is asked to address her love for her father King Lear, she is unable to heave her heart into her mouth (1, 82-83). The imagery created shows how it is unachievable to say how one truly feels. Lear is enraged because his authoritys at risk and therefore, disowns Cornelia Here I disclaim all my paternal care, Propinquity, and property of blood, And as a stranger to my heart and me Hold thee from this for ever.The barbarous Scythian, Or he that makes his generation Messes to gorge his appetite, Shall be as well neighboring, pitied, and relieved As thou, my sometime daughter. (1 , 105-112) This passage from the play is rich in imagery. Lear compares him rejecting his daughter to barbarians who eat their own children for dinner. The metaphor shows to which extent Lear hates his own daughter because she cant express her love for him. Edgar is besides disowned by his fathe r but in a different manner. There is never a face-to-face conversation where Gloucester disowns Edgar.It happens through the circumstances created by Edmund. When Edmund tells his father that Edgar plans to kill him, at starting Gloucester is in doubt. But Edmund manages to persuade his father with a fake letter. Love cools, friendship falls off, brothers divide, in cities mutinies, in countries discords, in palaces treason, and the bond cracked in the midst of son and father(2, 104-107). In this speech, Gloucester mentions that Edgar is no longer his son. Later in the play when Edmund cuts himself and blames it on Edgar.Gloucester orders his men to find Edgar and kill him. Edgar hides in a tree and decides to disguise himself as a beggar. Edgar says Edgar I nothing am (7, 186). This is a vital point because Edgar acknowledges the fact that he exists no more. It is Just like how King Lear disowned Cornelia, but Edgar disowns himself. He is no longer considers himself as the son of Gloucester nor does Gloucester accept him as his son. Cornelia and Edgar forgive their parents even after they are betrayed and mistreated they also, aide in their recovery.When Cornelia finds out that her sisters betrayed her father and he has gone insane, she invades Brittany with her husbands army, to find Lear All blest secrets, All you unpublished virtues of the earth, Spring with my tear, be titan and remedial In the good mans distress Seek, seek for him, Lest his ungoverned rage dissolve the life That wants the means to lead it. (18,17-21) The imagery created by Shakespeare shows how passionately Cornelia loves her father and she is willing to nourish the herbs with her tears so they can help her father recover.When Cornelia and Lear are finally reunited, Lear expresses his newfound humility and begs repentance. l am a very foolish, fond old man (21, 58), he tells her sadly, and he admits that she has some cause to hate him (21, 72). Cordilleras moving response, No cause, no, cause (21, 73), shows that love and reconvenes is embodied in Cornelia. When Gloucester goes to commit suicide, Edgar also saves his father from death. He pretends that his father Jumped from the cliff and acts as if he is astonished by his s survival. Thy lifes a miracle / /Think that the clearest gods, who make them honors/ Of mens impossibilities, have preserved thee (20, 55&73-74). Edgar convinces his father, Gloucester that god saved his life because he is not destined to die Just yet. Gloucester regains meaning to continue his life therefore Edgar cures him from insanity. The difference between Edgar and Cornelia is that Edgar helps his father in disguise. He doesnt want his father to know it is him. Never-?O father -?reveal myself unto him (24,189).Even when his father says, Might I but live to see thee in my name/led say I had eyes again (15, 119-22), he doesnt reveal his identity. This is somewhat similar to how Cornelia and Lear were uncomfortable seeing each other due to not knowing how the other one would react. Edgar and Cornelia show their unconditional love by saving their fathers from insanity. Cornelia and Edgar are the cause of their fathers deaths. The familial love between father and child is so strong at the end of the play that Cornelia and Edgar re the reason for their fathers death.When Edgar reveals his identity to his father, the Joy of meeting his son, his wish coming true, ultimately kills him but his blemish heart-? Alack, too weak the conflict to support-? Twixt two extremes of passion, Joy and grief, Burst smilingly. (24, 193-196) This is really ironic because Gloucester lives when he doesnt know Edgar if is still alive. He was in grief, when he was blind and because he betrayed his son. But as soon as he finds out and meets his son, Edgar, he dies of Joyfulness. In contrast to Lear who experiences extreme sadness, and also passes away.Lear grief is caused by the death of his beloved daughter Cornelia And my poor fool is hanged. No, no life. Why should a dog, a horse, a rat have life, And thou no breath at all? O, thou wilt come no more. Never, never, never. -?Pray you, undo This button. Thank you, star. O, O, O, O. (24, 300-304) Lear keeps questioning the death of his daughter and also shows sign of insanity again. He prays to God asking for her life back. He is struck by misery, more than ever before, and he dies. Gloucester not only experienced Joy but also grief. Gloucester grief is caused by not being able to see Edgar and because of regret.Ultimately, Lear and Gloucester die because of losing the one they love and also due to regretting the wrong they have done in the past. The characterization of Cornelia and Edgar shows how loyal children will unconditionally love their parents even if they are wronged by their parents. Cornelia is disowned by her father while Edgar is forced to disown himself. Edgar and Cornelia never stop loving their father and show forgiveness. They also go about curing their fathers from insanity. While Lear and Gloucester have true children that are willing to forgive any sin, their untrusty children cause them to suffer.

Everyday Leadership

force Dudley believes leaders is non a characteristic reserved for the extraordinary. He works to table service people discover the leader within themselves, so he posted this video on Feb 2012 about discovering the meaning of leadership. He is a leadership educator. Drew Dudleys interest in developing peoples leadership began when he was the leadership development coordinator at University of Toronto, Scarborough. In 2010, he founded Nuance Leadership Development Services familiarity creates leadership for communities, organizations and individuals- a subject on which he also speaks widely.How many of you are completely convinced calling her or him a leader? gibe to Drews video, he always ask this kind of question, and huge of audience prevent to raise their hands. Thus, he became to realize that we do leadership something bigger than us, we made it something beyond us, and we made it something changing the world. We spend so much time celebrating amazing birthdays that any ma ven can do, and we persuade that is the only thing we can celebrate with, and starting to curve things we can do every day. He told us a short story which is made difference of his life, and led him to change the meaning of leadership.This was the crucial debate for posting this amazing video by drew since he wants to discover the exact meaning of leadership. Before start talking about the most in-chief(postnominal) points for this video, I prefer to share with you a short story in my life which encouraged me to chosen this great topic that I am concerned with. For two years ago, my best friend REHAM- who is younger than me about approximately two years. She told me that she consider me as the only person in her life who made changing in her life. She told me a very short attitude happened once between us.For ten years ago, at elementary school, when I was in the hold years at this school, and she was years before. We were prepared for the graduation ceremony, and I was the main presented for most of songs. She was shy to stand up in front of audience, and I did not know that before. Also, she always watched my actions since we were to kick the buckether at school, because she cares about me and she loves me so much. Just as I am a person who feels to a greater extent confident since I was child, I am interested in most of activities in the school until I graduated from university.I just hold her hand and I move her beside me when we sung. Reham said in that moment I felt so proud of you and you made me feel more confident about myself and since that time, I decided to get over fear of standing in front of public. She became very confident about herself. We are more than sister now. Furthermore, I am so lucky to hear that, and I did changing on her life. All of you changed something of others peoples life without being realizes. Moreover, we need to make redefinition of leadership in our lives. Leadership is making one big decision, positive decisions on others peoples life.How many we create? , how many we pay for it? , and how many we say thank for? As long as keeping leadership bigger than us, as long as keeping leadership beyond us, we will give us excuse not to expected everyday from ourselves and from each one others. Consequently, we need to get over our fears about changing other peoples life. To conclude, it is important to recognize the profoundly positive impact that can come from insignificant actions more than money, power, and tittles. That will make a difference for others peoples life. Simple idea, but I do not think is a small one.

Case study on deviance

Last July 28, 2013, my partner and I are able to understand a person who Is considered as a deviant In this society. HIS sister let us enter Inside the life of his br new(prenominal) and shared to us the process of how he had become an alien of this society. Julius Bella, our subject, Is a drug addict. In his case, It was clearly not Inherited or an Innate behavior, but It was the Influence of the people around him who drove Julius In the consumption of Illegal drugs.Since Julius ND his family live In an unprivileged area where there were limited resources of good education, we assumed that Julius, in such a young age, was provided little knowledge ab by the effects of the drugs he took. Only later did he realize the consequences of his actions. Even if his friends actions were irrational, Julius chose to conform. As Sashs research stated, many people are willing to conduct their own judgments of right and wrong to avoid being considered as an outcast and different.The theory of differential association introduced by Edwin Sutherland indicated that persons tendency toward conformity or deflection depends on the amount of contact with other who encourages or rejects conventional behavior (Twelfth Edition Sociology John J. Macaroni). In this case, the subject spent almost all of his clock with his group of friends. Thus, in order to blend in with his friends, Julius had to agree and behave in compliance with his friends definition of normal moreover, motive for continued behavior evolves with participation in the behavior in the company of others (http//www. Ms. Du/?Keller/180/Theodore. HTML). Julius never gained to have a second chance in his life. Social control is the act by society to regulate peoples thoughts and behavior (Twelfth Edition Sociology John J. Macaroni), and frugality Is under the category of social control. Social controls attempts to manage peoples behaviors would not be doable if the people in it do not have self-control. E truly so ciety has groups of people in charge to regulate peace and order In a society, such as policemen, traffic enforcers, lawmakers, and a lot more.In Julius area, we presumed that they have fewer policemen than urban areas do, less focused by the government, and fewer people to look out for their behavior. In a small society with weak bonds of social control, the people living there are more likely free to deviate since there would be less chance that they will be restrained. According to social control theory, what causes people to use Illegal drugs Is the absence of social controls promoting conformity. On the other hand, lack of parental guidance Is one of he many causes of low self-control of deviant people.Being neglectful parents could greatly Impact the life of their children since the young ones broadly speaking look up to their parents as the role model of their lives. So parents who fail to show care and control is caused by a factor that takes place very early in ones life, whereas social control can operate more or less throughout ones lifetime (http//higher. McGraw- hill. Com), but in a society, self-control and social control ought to have continuous balance in order to attain organization.

Internet Marketing in Business Essay

An effective Marketing Mix including all 7 is a bureau of identifying a businesses achievements of marketing objectives, meeting customer needs, is balanced and consistent, creates a competitive advantage and matches corporate resources. The 7ps include point of intersection, price, place, promotion, people, process and physical take the standProduct This is first considered in the marketing mix as it all depends on it. This bathroom be a physical product or a service that the corporation is purposeing to the public. The only way to have a good marketing strategy is by making sure that the product is up to standard, promoting every quality part of that good or service. Bikroy promotes their products very effectively as they use picture to enhance the quality of the product itself. They also bring home the bacon a range of products and service including clothes, accessories, shoes/sandals etc and it provided for men and women. They include brand and spring wear which shows tha t they have high quality in their product. Bikroy also sells a range of products matching famous celebritys outfits that customers would want to buy. Bikroy, online or in their online newspaper provides customers the latest fashion info and what not to wear big(p) them an advantage to promote their products.Price This is the total amount a customer pays for the product. It is decided with a number of factors a product have to offer including material costs, product identity, competition, market share and the customers perceived value of the product. If other store/business have the same product on stock other businesses may decrease or increase their price for customer satisfaction. Their price for the products vary depending on the product quality, brand etc. For the designer items it can be expensive, although Bikroy may provide same looking product without the brand name making it affordable.Place Place represents the location where a product can be purchased. It is often be intimaten as the distribution channel. The place can be situated as a physical store or as virtuals stores on the internet. Bikroy.com is rapidly becoming the market guide oner in the Bangladesh online. All the products are sold ONLINE and not located eitherwhere else where people can purchase Bikroy items. They does have a warehouse where all stocks are kept and together has a office located in Dhaka.Promotion Is a way of communication that a business/organisation may use in the market place. It enables the marketer to a advertise the product or service macrocosm provided by them. Advertisement is a powerful tool that corporations uses to enhance their products/service to encourage buyers/customers. Promotion has four distinct elements made up of advertising, public relations, explicate of mouth and point of sale. As their business is purely based upon the internet everything is promoted through the World Wide Web on the website and off. They have promotion on other websites an d also Bikroy has developed an application to allow customers to track particular products on its sites through their web browser, whatever websites they are looking at. Bikroy organisation communicates breeding about their product and service to potential customers by identifying customer details and sends them information through mail, post etc aiming to sell the products. Another advertising method Bikroy uses on their website is that they have added a page of feedback from customers which enables public relation which is one of the promotion powerful element. masses It is appropriate to have people in the marketing of run as all people who directly or indirectly influence the perceied value of the product or service, inlcuding knowledge workers, employees, management of the business and also the consumers. People deliver services they could be any mentioned. People promote and sell products and services. Are their employees, customers their family and friends, and any other people associated with Bikroy.com. Employees are important to this strategy of marketing mix as in can be those who deliver the products to customers. So they have to polite, helpful and have the knowledge of the business for them to answer any questions provided by the customer. It can also be the employees that answer the phone when any customer calls for any queries. Bikroy.com also have employees updating their website and replying to emails and online comments on their feedback page. Bikroy employees has the knowledge, training and other formula helping the business with marketing for their business. Bikroy customers are also people that help in them marketing of services as they spread the business information.Process This is the procedures of activities which lead to an exchange of value. The process should include how customers are handled from first and last point of contact. Bikroy is determined to be number one in the online market. They have thought through their proces s and kept it clear and have made it customer satisfactory. Bikroys strategy consists of aims that has a well-defined process. Bikroy have control of their website, their information/images etc are presented without any doubt intelligibly promotional. Payments are all done through their website online as they are only an online business. Also they have a step-by-step information on how to use and buy off their website, they also have page on delivery information. Here they can track down on where shopping is, know how much is cost to deliver, know when to expect the delievery etc.Physical Evidence It is the tangible form of the service this can include how a customer is do by by a staff member, a train ticket, the length of time a customer has to wait for service or their product (depending on the business). A physical evidence is aproof for customer to measure whether he or she has recieved value. As Bikroy.com is an online company their customer has difficulty not knowing how fo r example a barde will feel, look on them. Bikroy therefore provides annual reports, articles, etc showing them that Bikroy products are worth the value. Bikroy helps customers with their products by giving them full information about the product.

Opportunity costs are other uses of resources Essay

The opportunity cost of any action is defined as the next best alternative to that action. The concept of opportunity costs explain that for each opportunity pursued, there is a cost associated with that opportunity. Every choice has a trade-off because one would usually give up something in favor of the initiatory choice, given ones limited resources. Limited resources imply scarcity, and a scarce resource used for one thing means that some early(a) thing is foregone.Opportunity costs are usually assessed in terms of money, but it can also be considered in terms of anything that is deemed of value to the company, such(prenominal) as time, production or mechanical output, or any other kind of limited resource. The opportunity cost is usually the difference of value in the midst of the first choice and the alternativefor example, the difference between the actual performance of ones current enthronisation and some other desired investment is considered the opportunity cost of tha t investment.Another opportunity cost that should be considered includes the cost investing a companys resources in new capital goods in lieu of its current production of consumer goods. Other kind of opportunities that would have associated opportunity costs include investing, supplying capital, purchasing goods, saving money, and specialization.

The Fundamentals of Cognitive Theories of Motivation

In this paper I lead be aiming to cover the following theaters. Firstly an overview of the fundamentals behind the cognitive theories of motivation, focusing on three main theories Equity hypothesis, prediction theory and Goal put theory. Within these theory bases I allow outline rough of the developmental research that has been occurring, particularly those studies which have added empirical evidence to consolidate or expand on the basic theories. Secondly I will award some practical applications of these theories and evidence of how successful they have been or could be within an organisational environment. Finally a short comment on the adaptability of these models to an international linguistic context which has become a dominant feature of current literature in this increasing time of globalisation.The Cognitive Theories An OverviewMotivation can be visualised as the energising force that provides the impetus to make state act. More detailally it is the single intern al process that energises directs and sustains behavior the personal force that causes one to exercise in a particular way (Olsen, 1996, p.1). It is a fundamental concept for management to understand in learning to comprehend the way individuals will practise within a work place context.The cognitive theories of motivation aim to develop this understanding by focusing on the action and choices made in the motivation process. The focus is on the processes that occur within a persons mind, which influence their decision to act. (Wood, Wallace, Zeffane, Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn (1998)) They rely on the assumption that behavior is purposeful and being undertaken to chance on a desired outcome or goal. This means that analysing the way choices are made between a variety of perceived outcomes can provide priceless insight into understanding why and how individuals choose to act.Equity theory relies on the way people make comparisons of both effort/return and with those almost them, contestation that when people gauge the fairness of their work outcomes in comparison with others, mat up inequity is the motivating state of mind. (Wood et al p 183) People resolve the felt inequities by working in such a way as to restore a sense of equity.The equity comparison occurs on two levels. The first base is an individuals subjective assessment of whether the effort required will be commensurate with the benefits achieved. The second comparison occurs on a social level using those around as a yardstick against which to measure the individuals own sense of equity. Studies (Adams 1963 in Wood et al Vecchio 1981) have generally supported this theory.A number of new studies have sought to develop this principle further. By looking at the relationship between Equity theory and Interpersonal Attraction (Griffeth, Vecchio & Logan 1989) the authors were seeking to conciliate whether an haulage (or hostility) between the individual and their denotive other had any influenc e upon the way they perceived and reacted to inequities. Their research, through a cross referencing technique of equity factors and attraction factors, provided results that indicated that attraction was indeed a contributing factor in the way individuals perceived equity balances. Although this does not undermine the essentials of equity theory, it adds the need to consider how and with who referent comparisons are made, as extra considerations when using the model.Meanwhile Barr & Conlon (1994) have been looking at the impact of distribution of feedback (both group and individuals) upon individual intentions. In particular for us, this con brings into question the applicability of equity theory assumptions within a group context. It proposes that, in a group setting, where other members would act as referents and rewards are distributed evenly based on group performance, individuals would make equity comparisons within the group before deciding whether to persist. This was thou ght to override the impacts that feedback would otherwise cause.The results supported this contention. It showed that where the impact of individual feedback worked to create a perception of underpayment (due to perceived greater effort than other group members) that individuals were less interested in continuing the behavior that they believe direct to the underpayment. Thus the social comparison effect was strong enough to override any of the individual dogmatic feedback received. The report illustrates that social comparison within a group, where felt inequity is present, can have an impact on performance, and equity theory provides a good model for predicting this impact.Once a goal is selected, it allows people to channel their energies toward goal achievement. Four factors are stated as being important in goal setting to stimulate performance (K right offles 1991). These areThe theory comes into use within the domain of purposefully directed action. Basically it states that the simplest and most direct motivational explanation of why some people perform break off on work tasks than others is because they have different performance goals. (Ryan 1970 in Latham & Locke 1990).While much of the research has previously surrounded assigned goals, more emphasis is flat being placed explicitly on self regulation. That is, the extent to which individuals will use goal setting, self monitoring and self rewarding/ self penalise behavior to attain a goal. (Latham & Locke 1990) This may especially be useful in breaking a larger goal down into more specific stepping stone goals. The consequence for managers from the study is that the addition of skills in self regulation, acquired through experience, training or effort will lead to a greater likelihood of goals being achieved.Victor Vroom (1964, cited in Wood et al, 1998) developed one of the most widely used models for the understanding of the motivation process. It aims to predict the effort that will be expen ded by a person in completing a task. It argues that goals are chosen according to the relative attractiveness of the outcome. Diagrammatically it can be represented as followsThe contention is that the motivation to work results from the product of Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence. (M=E x I x V) These elements are defined as followsExpectancy is the probability of the extent to which the individual believes that a given level of achieved Work Performance will follow work effort.Instrumentality is the probability assigned that a given level of achieved performance will lead to various work outcomes.Valence is the value attached by the individual to those work outcomes. (Wood et al 1998)The implication of the model is that managers need to take into account the importance of the task being achieved along with the likelihood of the task being achieved and the likelihood that the task achievement will lead to a reward that has value to the individual. An individual requires all these factors to provide the impetus to exert the work effort. The fact that the theory does not attempt to state the types of rewards that will motivate particular employees gives it a robustness that can be useful in application.Klein (1991) has been looking to clarify the relationship between goal setting and presentiment theories. Traditional theoretical approaches suggested viewing expectancies and attractiveness as interacting to influence goal choice, with goals being the more direct determinants of effort (Klein 1991 p 231). merely on that point is also some competing evidence (Garland 1985) which contradicted this view contending that goal attributes affect expectancy theory constructs rather than resulting from them.Kleins study hence sought to expand evidence of how the expectancy theory constructs relate to goal choice, goal commitment and performance. His findings replicated those of Garland. The perceived explanation for this for this was that goals form a dual rol e of being targets to shoot for as tumesce as standards for evaluating one performance. The research into combining the two theories is continuing, with much discussion currently surrounding issues of causal ordering, measurement and the meanings of those measurements. (Klein 1991 p 230) It appears that we have to wait on the world of academia to conduct more research before a widely accepted combination of the two models evolves.Practical Applications of the Cognitive TheoriesI now wish to bring in a number of specific examples of how and where these theories can and have been applied.Using Goal Setting to im come out Safety Behavior.An application area of particular interest has been the use of goal setting techniques in improving condom performance On an anecdotal level I have seen this prove successful at my own work site at a steelworks at Western Port. I have seen much evidence of the positive use of goal setting techniques in an attempt to address the behavioral component o f safe working practices. The focus upon systematic monitoring of rubber eraser tie in behavior and the provision of extensive feedback in conjunction with widely accepted goals on injury performance at a crew and organisational level has seen safety performance improve by over 50% in under two years (BHP Western Port Lost Time Injury Statistics). However it is difficult to read too much into the improvement given that a number of other initiatives are also being concurrently undertaken.A study into the UK construction industry (Marsh, Robertson, Phillips, Duff 1995) provides some empirical support for the premise that hard, specific goals with wide feedback of the results of ones behavior can lead to positive changes in safety behavior. This study found that by using quantitative measures of awareness and review sessions, that the intervention was having positive impacts, supporting my own anecdotal evidence. It supports the notion that clearly identify and well publicised safety targets can perform a crucial role in influencing safety behavior.

How is religion a human response in the search for meaning? Essay

Every culture has any(prenominal) kind of organized religion, and every last(predicate) faiths solving the question What is the meaning of conduct? Humanitys search for an answer to this question is one of the master(prenominal) reasons that people are drawn to religion. The answers, although different from religion to religion, give peoples lives purpose, meaning, and hope.Religion is prove in all ages and all cultures. Its principles and values have given motivation and guidance to every charitable society. The function of religion in a society is often to explain to people their primal origins, the reputation of life, the function and aims of life and reasons for living.Religion is just one of many answers to the questions that most clement beings spend their lives inquisitive for. Maybe thats why so many strongly spiritual people are so at peace with themselves and with the world. Everyones looking for meaning in life, from all kinds of different mentions. Its man na ture to want connection, a sense of belonging to something greater than ourselves, and a sense of community.This is derived from the human indication of curiosity. We want connection to our pasts and our heritage. We want answers to the big questions Where do we come from? Whats the meaning of life? wherefore do good people suffer? Why is evil often rewarded? Religion provides solutions to many of these questions, to those who believe, further it also provides many new questions.Religion is a human response to the search for meaning for some people, but ultimately all are looking for the answers. Whether their path is through religion, obsessive meditation, staring at crystals, running 47 kilometers a day or talking to walls, everyone has to come to their answers on their own terms. round people use religion for this purpose. When trying to find answers to lifes mysteries, religious impulse begins. When the enigma is understood, you come to understand the religious life as more as a quest than a destination.Steve Tyler of Aerosmith once sang Lifes a journey, not a destination. Maybe life is a journey of the search for meaning, its not something that your trying to accomplish, more something that you work through and once youve reached it thus its over, which seems so much more purposeful than simply spending each day killing time.The guinea pig of philosophy seeks to develop intellectual abilities important for life as a whole. Properly pursued, philosophy enhances analytical, lively and interpretive capacities that may be applied to any academic field.In a world where religion often plays a central role in political, social and even economic events, there is a vital need for an ongoing critical analysis, reflection and understanding of religious traditions, issues and ideas.Taken to noticeher, philosophy and religious studies develops how to critically examine, analyze and appreciate these traditions and ideas.Proverbs 47 says Wisdom is the principal t hing therefore get wisdom and with all thy getting get understanding. To me this seems to state that to understand something, one must have familiarity and astuteness of the subject. Therefore maybe the philosophy of religion is the path to realisationReligion is a source of meaning because it provides a way of addressing such diverse foundational questions as those raised by the facts of life and finale or the very existence of the universe.Even more importantly, in terms of the meaning of everyday life, all religions provide a value structure within which the quality of human life or human progress seat be measured. Religion acknowledges the validity of the quest for human happiness and all religions shout to be able to offer a map that traces the path by which happiness can be attained.All religions provide a sense of personal identity within which human lifecan be structured. They also provide a social context that allows us to understand ourselves as stir up of a community with rights and responsibilities to that community and shipway of relating to other communities.Obviously it is possible to find alternative ship canal of shaping ones personal and social identity. However, history suggests that there are few ways that can match religion in catering for this key requirement in the search for meaning.

According to Aristotle

According to Aristotle, Oedipus is an archetypal tragic hero. Plot plays an integral role in ontogeny Oedipuss character throughout the play which thus disturbs the plays storyline. Aristotle states that The piece is the imitation of the action-for by plot I here mean the arrangement of the incidents (Aristotle 01). In this quote Aristotle emphasizes the importance of plot development. He explains how each(prenominal) event has a specific role in the playing out of the tragedy. In the beginning of Odedipus Rex, the consultation assumes that Odepois is a sympathetic king who cares about his people.However, as one reads further on Odepois received character is revealed. Subsequently the most powerful elements of emotional interest in Tragedy-Peripeteia or Reversal of the Situation, and acknowledgment scenes-are parts of the plot (Aristotle 01). These are the most prominent characteristics of the tragic genre. Furthermore they play a tell role in drawing the readers attention. Significant emotional upheaval occurs when it is revealed that Odepois himself fulfils the prophecy and has killed the foregoing king. Without the emotional aspect of the play, the reader would not relate to the character or understand the plot.A persons character remains less important than a persons actions as Artistrole argues, Now character determines mens qualities, that it is by their actions that they are happy or the reverse (Aristotle 01). The character supports the plot due to the personal penury that precisely connected part of the cause-and-effect chain of actions thus producing pity and fear in the audience. Odepoiss last to finding the murdered of laius, the original king, even though m any(prenominal) warned him from discovering the truth is the plays main story-line.The prophecy that Odepois had fulfilled, contend a major role in his character development throughout the play. As Aristotle states, Now any speech or action that manifests moral purpose of any kind will be communicatory of character the character will be good if the purpose is good (Aristotle 06). Aristotle explains the importance of the actions of the character and the impact his or her actions will make on the audience, that the actions of the character defines their characteristics.Odepoiss blaming of individuals, when in search for the true murderer of Laius whilst remain unaware of the facts, shows how over dramatic and hasty he is. This foreshadows the future due to the actions that were going to occur because of Odepoiss characteristics. Lastly, he states that the consistency (true to them) is a quality a character should have in a tragedy. erst a characters personality and motivations are established, these should continue throughout the play as he defends, For though the subject of the imitation, who suggested the type, be inconsistent, still he must be consistently inconsistent (Aristotle 06).Aristotle suggests that a character should stay in role throughout the p lay in order to maintain a personal connection from the audience. But, of all recognition, the best is that which arises from the incidents themselves, where the startling discovery is made by natural federal agency (Aristotle 07). In Odepois, when Odepois discovers that the prophecy was fulfilled after all, he realizes it was not due to another individual notwithstanding by fate or nature. This explains how the characteristics of the character play out in creating the plot. Therefore, Odepois would be an example of a tragic hero according to Artistotles standards.

Part Four Chapter V

VShirley Mollison was convinced that her husband and son were over-stating the danger to the council of leaving the Ghosts posts online. She could non see how the messages were worse than remonstrate, and that, she k new-sprung(prenominal), was non yet punishable by law nor did she believe that the law would be foolish and immoderate enough to punish her for what somebody else had written that would be monstrously unfair. Proud as she was of Miles law degree, she was sealed that he must have this bit wrong.She was checking the message boards even more oft quantifys than Miles and Howard had advised, barely not because she was afraid of legal consequences. Certain as she was that Barry Fairbrformer(a)s Ghost had not yet finished his self-appointed chore of crushing the pro-Fielders, she was eager to be the first to set eyes on his next post. Several clock a day she scurried into Patricias old room, and clicked on the web page. Sometimes a little frisson would lick through h er while she was hoovering or peeling potatoes and she would race to the study, only to be disappointed again.Shirley felt a special, secret kinship with the Ghost. He had chosen her website as the forum where he would expose the hypocrisy of Howards opponents, and this, she felt, authorise her to the pride of the naturalist who has constructed a habitat in which a rare species deigns to nest. But in that location was more to it than that. Shirley relished the Ghosts anger, his savagery and his audacity. She wondered who he might be, visualizing a strong, shadowy man standing behind herself and Howard, on their side, excision a path for them through the opponents who crumpled as he slayed them with their own ugly truths.Somehow, none of the work force in Pagford seemed worthy to be the Ghost she would have felt disappointed to learn that it was any of the anti-Fielders she knew.Thats if its a man, said Maureen.Good point, said Howard.I think its a man, said Shirley coolly.When Ho ward left for the cafe on Sunday morning, Shirley, equable in her dressing gown, and holding her cup of tea, padded automatically to the study and brought up the website.Fantasies of a Deputy Headmaster posted by The_Ghost_of_Barry_Fairbrother.She set obliterate her tea with trembling hands, clicked on the post and read it, open-mouthed. Then she ran to the lounge, seized the telephone and called the cafe, but the number was engaged.A mere five legal proceeding later, Parminder Jawanda, who had also developed a habit of looking at the council message boards much more frequently than usual, opened up the site and saw the post. Like Shirley, her immediate reaction was to seize a telephone.The Walls were breakfasting without their son, who was still asleep upstairs. When Tessa picked up, Parminder cut across her friends greeting.Theres a post rough Colin on the council website. Dont let him see it, any(prenominal) you do.Tessas frightened eyes swivelled to her husband, but he was a mere three feet from the receiver and had already comprehend every word that Parminder had spoken so loudly and clearly.Ill call you back, said Tessa urgently. Colin, she said, fumbling to replace the receiver, Colin, ask But he had already stalked out of the room, bobbing up and down, his implements of war stiff by his side, and Tessa had to lope to catch him up.Perhaps its better not to look, she urged him, as his big, knobble-knuckled hand moved the mouse across the desk, or I tidy sum read it and Fantasies of a Deputy HeadmasterOne of the men hoping to represent the biotic community at Parish Council level is Colin Wall, Deputy Headmaster at Winterdown Comprehensive School. Voters might be interested to fare that Wall, a strict disciplinarian, has a very unusual fantasy life. Mr Wall is so frightened that a pupil might accuse him of inappropriate sexual behaviour that he has often needed time take work to calm himself down again. Whether Mr Wall has actually fondled a first year, the Ghost can only guess. The fervour of his feverish fantasies suggests that, even if he hasnt, he would like to.Stuart wrote that, thought Tessa, at once.Colins guinea pig was ghastly in the light pouring out of the monitor. It was how she imagined he would look if he had had a stroke.Colin I suppose Fiona Shawcross has told people, he whispered.The catastrophe he had always feared was upon him. It was the end of everything. He had always imagined taking quiescence tablets. He wondered whether they had enough in the house.Tessa, who had been momentarily thrown by the mention of the headmistress, said, Fiona wouldnt anyway, she doesnt do She knows Ive got OCD.Yes, but she doesnt know what you what youre afraid of She does, said Colin. I told her, before the last time I needed sick leave. wherefore? Tessa burst out. What on earth did you tell her for?I wanted to explain why it was so of import I had time off, said Colin, almost humbly. I thought she needed to k now how serious it was.Tessa fought down a powerful desire to shout at him. The tinge of distaste with which Fiona treated him and talked about him was explained Tessa had neer liked her, always thought her hard and unsympathetic.Be that as it may, she said, I dont think Fionas got anything to do non directly, said Colin, pressing a trembling hand to his sweating upper lip. But Mollisons heard gossip from somewhere.It wasnt Mollison. Stuart wrote that, I know he did. Tessa recognized her son in every line. She was even astonished that Colin could not see it, that he had not connected the message with yesterdays row, with hitting his son. He couldnt even resist a bit of alliteration. He must have done all of them Simon Price. Parminder. Tessa was horror-struck.But Colin was not thinking about Stuart. He was recalling thoughts that were as vivid as memories, as sensory impressions, violent, vile ideas a hand taking hold and squeezing as he passed through densely packed young bodi es a cry of pain, a childs face contorted. And then asking himself, again and again had he done it? Had he enjoyed it? He could not remember. He only knew that he kept thinking about it, seeing it happen, feeling it happen. Soft digit through a thin cotton blouse seize, squeeze, pain and shock a violation. How many times? He did not know. He had spent hours wondering how many of the children knew he did it, whether they had spoken to each other, how long it would be until he was exposed.Not knowing how many times he had offended, and unable to trust himself, he weight himself with so many papers and files that he had no hands free to attack as he moved through the corridors. He shouted at the swarming children to get out of the way, to stand clear, as he passed. None of it helped. There were always stragglers, running past him, up against him, and with his hands burdened he imagined other ways to have improper contact with them a swiftly repositioned elbow brushing against a pap a side-step to ensure bodily contact a leg accidentally entangled, so that the childs groin make contact with his flesh.Colin, said Tessa.But he had started to cry again, great sobs shaking his big, ungainly body, and when she put her arms around him and pressed her face to his her own tears wet his skin.A few miles away, in hilltop House, Simon Price was sitting at a brand-new family computer in the sitting room. Watching Andrew calendar method of birth control away to his weekend craft with Howard Mollison, and the reflection that he had been forced to pay full market determine for this computer, made him feel irritable and additionally hard done by. Simon had not looked at the Parish Council website once since the darkness that he had thrown out the stolen PC, but it occurred to him, by an association of ideas, to check whether the message that had cost him his job was still on the site and thus viewable by potential employers.It was not. Simon did not know that he owed this to his wife, because Ruth was scared of admitting that she had telephoned Shirley, even to request the removal of the post. S softly cheered by its absence, Simon looked for the post about Parminder, but that was gone too.He was about to close the site, when he saw the newest post, which was entitled Fantasies of a Deputy Headmaster.He read it through twice and then, alone in the sitting room, he began to laugh. It was a savage winning laugh. He had never taken to that big, bobbing man with his massive forehead. It was goodness to know that he, Simon, had got off very lightly indeed by comparison.Ruth came into the room, smiling timidly she was glad to hear Simon laughing, because he had been in a dreadful mood since losing his job.Whats funny?You know Fats old man? Wall, the deputy headmaster? Hes only a bloody paedo.Ruths smile slipped. She hurried forward to read the post.Im going to shower, said Simon, in high good humour.Ruth waited until he had left the room before trying to call her friend Shirley, and alert her to this new scandal, but the Mollisons telephone was engaged.Shirley had, at last, reached Howard at the delicatessen. She was still in her dressing gown he was walk up and down the little back room, behind the counter. been trying to get you for ages Mo was using the phone. What did it theorize? Slowly.Shirley read the message about Colin, enunciating like a newsreader. She had not reached the end, when he cut across her.Did you likeness this down or something?Sorry? she said.Are you reading it off the screen? Is it still on there? Have you taken it off?Im dealing with it now, lied Shirley, unnerved. I thought youd like to Get it off there now God above, Shirley, this is getting out of hand we cant have stuff like that on thereI just thought you ought to Make sure youve got rid of it, and well talk about it when I get home Howard shouted.Shirley was furious they never raised their voices to each other.

Internet Based Home Control System Essay

We viewed tuition as a process of change and a continuous learning.. proficient and institutional change or capabilities be at the heart of this process. Technology is much more than an comp integritynt part in development strategies it is a conditioning element of their viability. As technology rapidly changes, it sets the condition that generates development opportunities. Development becomes one of the learning that public assistance from such changing opportunities. While learning is within a single technological revolution, a new technological revolution would constitute major(ip) discontinuities and shifts in the electric charge of change, providing new opportunities for learning and catching up.Technology is at the heart of the innovative process, and it has become a shot for amplifying brainpower. It further brings closely changes within and among institutions and accelerates the rate of innovation. Steve Ballmer1, CEO of Microsofts Corporation stressed that the numbe r one benefit of technology is that it empowers people to do what they indigence to do, letting people be creative and richThus, through new technology, a little creativity, and a lot of thinking, we have begun to produce home appliances comptroller dodge that makes anything possible for the people especially elderly and handicapped to live by themselves and meet their potentials.The recent drive in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) industry toward new wireless communication devices and systems and their practice session in addressing a wide variety of real-world problems have resulted in several new areas of active seek and wireless home automation being one such hot topic. kin appliances control system designates an emerging practice of increased automation of household appliances and fixtures in residential dwellings, particularly through electronic means. This allows impracticable, overly expensive or simply not possible things in recent past decades to be implemented.Home Automation Technology is a relatively new area and the home automation products useable currently in the market are expensive, and not everybody can afford these devices. However, looking at the change magnitude popularity of home automation, most manufacturing companies are trying to develop products that will be affordable to the middle partition customers.Hence, the proponents through this think design and develop a system of controlling home appliances remotely via the Internet. With this project, a substance abuser can control his home appliances across country away from home.Background of the StudyHome appliances and lighting are major source of electricity consumption. Commercial public sector buildings and residential houses scotch for 95% of the electricity used for home appliances. There are common problems that home owners encountered in similitude with home appliances system. One of this is due to some negligence like leaving the lights ON that result to having greater power consumption. This additional power consumption that can be wasted varies directly to our electric bills. another(prenominal) problem is that those busy home owners who arrive at home late at night they want to have immediate access to turn on the lights to have preventive measures against robbery and crimes.2For effective focusing and protection of homes, operational monitor lizarding of home appliances conditions is a necessary tool. Fixed control system contributes significantly in monitoring the entire home appliances network.The past decade has seen significant advancement in the field of consumer electronics. Various intelligent appliances such as cellular phones, air-conditioners, home security devices, home theaters, etc. are set to realize the concept of a smart home. They have given rise to a ad hominem area network in home environment, where all these appliances can be inter connected and monitored using a single controller. Busy families and individuals with physical limitation represent an attractive market for home automation and networking.Thus, a unifying solution started with the emergence of the first home automation product known as the object lesson 1503 which was introduced in 1988 and was meant for fire and burglar protection, home lighting and appliance control.3 Moreover, a technology called X-10 was developed by Jeff Denenholz,4 which allows your calculating machine and your appliances to communicate over the existing power lines in your home. Among the many possibilities that this technology provides is the possibility for a fully automated and responsive home.One of the basic systems on the market is made by iControl and is low-cal to stash away and expandable. The system uses the 802.11 wireless protocol to transmit signals from the various devices to a control box which is connected to the mesh. Some of the devices the company offers specifically for elderly care include cameras, window/door s ensors, motion sensors, body of water sensors, freeze sensors, panic pendants/wristwatches, smoke detectors, carbon monoxide detectors, lamp modules, and thermostats. All of the devices are connected wirelessly to the control box which and then allows the devices to be monitored and controlled using the companys nettsite. The system is perfect for the elderly because it is easy to use and it allows family members to monitor the house to ensure that their relative is safe, it is portable and can easily be installed in an existing home. other key project is ongoing at The University of Florida. They have built a 500 square substructure smart house that is designed assist and to provide medical care to users. The house implements devices including a atomize that recognizes entrees and automatically determines how long to cook them and devices to track the individuals location within the home. The house also uses devices to detect water on the floor and a camera that allows the pe rson to view who is at the door and let them in using a cell phone. The smart house at the University of Florida relies on a centralized computer network to deliver electronically coordinated assistance.However, the aforementioned projects pose problems on the implementation of such systems. The major drawbacks of these systems are that it requires the use of several costly technologies to operate. The concept of a smart home requires a user to have internet access available as well as router to install the control box.Thus, the understructure of home automation in the 1970s failed to improve the lifestyle of users because determining the economic benefits of home automation technologies is difficult. The cost of implementing smart home technology must be justified by the effects brought about by their installation. There is a need for home automation technologies to be cost-effective and easy to install and flexible with many network infrastructures and appliances.Therefore, the s tudy Microcontroller-based Home Appliances Control System via Internet aims at exploitation a module for home appliance and control system combining embedded system and web technology. The goal of this project is to design a system that communicates with the web in controlling the users home.. This approach will provide an easy way to operate and is cost effective approach to benefit the elderly and those with disabilities to function as normal as possible.Statement of the ProblemThe main problem of this study is to design and develop a prototype of a microcontroller-based home appliances control system using the internet that will demonstrate power automation of home appliances. The proposed system is web-based in nature which will renew physical control and provide automation with regard to the home appliances.

How Organisations Has Been Affected By Two Contrasting Economic Environments

Task 1)When the solid ground is in the deferral everybody is trying to save silver and go to shops which are cheap. Some companies cut jobs and are trying to maximise amplification. Lidl is fashioning lots of profit in the recession thence they dont have to worry that there is a recession because everybody is trying to save money and lot are going to cheap shops and Lidl is one of them and because of that they are making lots of money in recession. Lidl is in England for a very long time and when recession came, it make tens of thousands of people to try Lidl for the first time.The same thing happened to Aldi. Lidl and Aldi have cheap products at high quality. When the country is at dilate then lots of business like Lidl hire lots of people and so there is high employment level and their wages leave behind go high as surface because they want to attract more people because the business laughingstock afford to hire lots of people therefore the business testament run in a very good way in any case businesses are put more to make the business expand and meet peoples demands, and in a boom people have lots of money which they want to spend on their want and needs and because of that shops will make lots of profit.Task 2)Human resources in a recession have to make hard decisions, one of them is cutting jobs because they cant afford to have lots of employees, finance department have to calculate how much money they can spend on the business and try not to bankrupt therefore they would have to change their suppliers on cheaper suppliers which have less quality products as they would have from their normal suppliers and that could affect their business because they could lose customers. The society would have to stop investing and save money for their suppliers and pay their employees.He company would have to stop investing and save money for their suppliers and pay their employees. If the country is at the recovery, then Human resources might lettuce hiring modern people but not a lot like they had at boom therefore unemployment will fall a little. Finances will have to consider about increasing production and start investing into the business again, demand would rise and because of that sales will rise as well therefore slowly the business will be making profit.

Masculinity Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Masculinity Studies - Essay Examplefactors that Kimmels studies are based on, influential feminists, contributions that he has made to the society and the practical applications of his subject.Kimmel, like most opposite activists, has a story behind his indulgence in the subject, which explains why he decided to capture an activist. When Kimmel was in graduate school, his partner was working at a tax shelter. He utilise to frequently drop her at the shelter as she dint know to drive. Since Kimmel got used to this routine, he used to occasionally drop women at the shelter or drive them to the hospital with their kids. It was in this routine that he encountered certain events that affected him greatly, which encouraged him to become the renowned activist he is now. While he helped out these women from time to time, he realized that women macrocosm beaten up and treated badly were issues so common. There were points of time when he felt that this had to part with and did not seem t o know that to do around it. When asked about what touched Kimmel the most, he talks about when there was one woman with broken limbs and a fractured jaw, who, through her fractured jaw said, Sometimes I be it, but this time I didnt. When he said to the woman that she needs to make him stop, she said that he was a man too and that Kimmel should probably talk to them. At that instance Kimmel decided upon the fact that he definitely wants to change the way things are and began to work for it. He committed himself to working with men who used to beat up their wives or abuse them. Slowly he got drawn into various groups of non violence against torture, encroachment and ill treatment.This incident played a major role in shaping Kimmel into feminist that he is today. Kimmels participation in the Santa Cruz Men Against Rape organization was his first indulgence in a political engagement. He soon found himself as part of the National Organization Of Men Against Sexism. Since then, Kimmel was an academician researcher, was writing books on

Media Bullshit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media Bullshit - adjudicate ExampleFurthermore, it has to be noned that the media seeds in the form of the television, the internet, the radio, newspaper, and magazines. Significantly, the absence of the above-mentioned source of medium would be difficult for the citizens of the United States to be aware of what is taking place. The media has been utilized to inform the American society on the performance of the government, prominent individuals and the community as a whole (Qualman, 2012, 12-14). Essentially, I believe that the media cannot be regarded as media bullshit as information shared by the public often brings about more frank than harm. Counter position According to an article by Burrowes (2015), The combination of inexperienced and busy marketers, conflicted agencies and incentivized media owners is coming up with a situation of unprecedented media bullshit. The author apparently has done some research and has come up with the conclusion that the services being initiat ed by the media industry are based on a bull shit entity. The perception is based on the challenges that the journalists go through, i.e. being forced to give paradoxical news as a way of gaining a bigger platform. According to Coville (2010), Usually, it is not department of anybodys grand scheme to brainwash you, but rather the result of newsrooms being staffed by error-prone and opinionated humans. Significantly, the implication of the above quote signifies that the media is indeed biased as what is often offered is not what is right.

Report on cultural analysis and its impact on International Human Essay

Report on cultural compendium and its impact on International Human Resources - Essay ExampleSuggestions will be made to show up the interrelation between the HR functions and organizational performance in the Swiss and Indian organizations which impact the frugal well-being of a certain country.Within the last decades there have been numerous research conducted with the blueprint to focus on the relationship between the HR functions and organizational performance. Since human being resource represents a worth(predicate) asset for organizations ability to be achievement-oriented, it is essential for companies to be able to manage their human potential starting with such processes as staffing and selection (Lussier & Hendon, 2015). In times of changeable business environment, organizations campaign with challenges of staffing in order to increase the knowledge work, reduce labor retention, be more competitive among otherwise companies and diversify the work ram down to meet t he modern requirements of business world. To solve these challenges, HR functions are called to focus more on staffing and selection (Sultana & Razi, 2012). The following paper will illustrate how HR functions of staffing (recruitment) and selection are use by Swiss and Indian organization and what impact they have on the organizational performance of these both counties.Being a modern market economy, Switzerland has low unemployment rate and high skilled labor force with the GDP per capita highest in the world (Switzerland economy, 2015). Its labor force comprises 4,697,282 people in 2012. India has the critical mass of exceedingly skilled people who speak English and are good at science. Having the impressive diaspora, Indian creates link between its valuable knowledge and potential for other world. The employment Source Switzerland economy (2015) comprises 481,235,956 in 2013. Its sparing regime gives many opportunities for entrepreneurship and free enterprise, creating a str ong infrastructure for private

Spinal immobilization Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

spinal immobilization - Research Paper ExampleThis is because of lack of effective measure to ascertain the degree and billet of spinal injury at the time of presentation in any emergency setting. Also, the definition of the distinct position of spinal immobilization is poor and lacking. Jin et al (2007) conducted a retrospective study to examine the sensitiveness of the prehospital immobilization protocol in which age criterion is present to 5 criteria of spine clearance. The five criteria embroil decreased awareness, presence of intoxication, neurological deficit, pain on palpation of the spine and age criterion which is 65 years or older. According to the protocol, standard full immobilization would be d integrity to individuals with more than one criteria. This study include 238 victims of blunt trauma of which 236 has atleast one positive criteria, suggesting 99.2 portion sensitivity. Of the 2 patients who did not converge immobilization, one had a small fissure in the ar ch of C2 and the other had fracture of the transverse branch of L3. Both of them were discharged on the next day without any medical interventions or complications. Based on these results, the researchers concluded that spinal immobilization protocol must be based on clinical criteria quite than on mechanism of trauma. They also recommended a prospective study to confirm such findings. The effectiveness and benefits of immobilization of the spine depends on the perfection in application of the immobilization technique. Peery et al (2007) conducted a study to treasure and examine the quality of hanker spine board spinal immobilization in patients presenting to the emergency elbow room via emergency medical service. During examination, evaluation of the location and number of the restraining straps and also their degree of tightness was make. 50 patients were included in the study. 30 percent of these had atleast one unattached tape to attach head to the board. Also, 88 percent had more than 2 cm slack between the body. This study draws evidence that immobilization is not done well in emergency medical service and better measures and protocols need to be drawn for amend immobilization. Thus, even though spinal immobilization may provide genuine benefits, they be lost delinquent to poor application. Generally, immobilization of spine consists of a cervical stop that supports either side of the head, and the long and light back boards which have straps attached to them to immobilize the rest of the body. With regard to the boards, there is lot of controversy whether long boards are superior to short boards. According to Cline (1985 cited in AANS, 2001 ), short boards are superior to cervical collar alone. Mozalewski (cited in AANS, 2001 ) opined that unless the motion of trunk also was minimized along with motion of head, spine immobilization was ineffective. The publications review article by AANS (2001) drew some implications about spine immobilizati on practices in an emergency setting. The review opines that studies pertaining to spinal immobilization are limited because none of the studies actually evaluate the full range of gettable devices. However, from whatever results are available, it appears that a combination of cervical collar immobilization with supportive straps on a rigid long spinal backboard to secure the whole body including the trunk is superior to cervi